The World Today
(EUROPA PRESS)
If you're in Chile, you know that earthquakes are a part of everyday life. Recently, a powerful 7.5 magnitude earthquake in the Drake Passage reminded us of the relentless force of nature. But do you really know what to do to protect yourself and your loved ones? Being prepared isn't just an option; it's a must. Living in one of the most active seismic zones on the planet requires you to know every step, every decision, every movement that can mean the difference between a scare and a tragedy. In this article, we'll not only give you the information you need, but we'll also provide a complete and detailed guide so that, in the event of an earthquake, your first reaction is the right one.
Why is Chile a seismic country?
To understand the cause of earthquakes in Chile, you have to look beneath your feet. Our country lies right on the boundary of the Nazca tectonic plate and the South American plate . The Nazca plate, which lies beneath the ocean, is constantly moving eastward and subducting beneath the South American plate. This process is known as subduction .
This movement isn't smooth; the plates rub against each other and accumulate an enormous amount of energy over the years. When that energy is released suddenly, the result is an earthquake. This is why Chile is famous for its earthquakes and is home to some of the most powerful earthquakes in history, including the 1960 Valdivia earthquake, the strongest recorded to date.
Your Survival Guide: What to Do Before, During, and After an Earthquake
An earthquake isn't a single event; it's a chain of events, each stage requiring a specific set of actions. Let's break down the three crucial phases so you know exactly what to do at each step.
Key Preparedness Measures: Before the Earth Shakes
Preparation is half the battle. Before an earthquake strikes, you should make sure your surroundings are as safe as possible.
- Secure Your Home: An earthquake not only causes movement, but can also topple heavy objects. Secure large furniture such as bookcases, shelves, and cabinets to the wall with anchors. Check that lamps are securely hung and that heavy objects on high shelves are moved to lower locations.
- Identify Safe Zones: In each room of your house, identify the safest places. These are usually under sturdy tables or desks, or along interior walls away from windows and objects that could fall. Make sure everyone in your family knows where these places are.
- Prepare an Emergency Kit: Your kit should contain the essentials for at least 72 hours. It includes water, non-perishable food, a first aid kit, a flashlight, batteries, a whistle, a battery-powered radio, important documents, and prescription medications. This kit is vital, so keep it in an accessible place, such as your car or near your exit door.
- Create a Family Emergency Plan: Define meeting points inside and outside your home, and establish an out-of-town emergency contact. If you're separated, this contact can help coordinate communication between everyone. Practice the plan with your family regularly so everyone knows what to do instinctively.
- Check Gas and Electrical Installations: Learn how to turn off gas valves and main electrical switches. In an earthquake, gas leaks and short circuits are a serious threat.
Acting at the Time of the Earthquake: During the Earthquake
An earthquake is a time of panic, but your preparation will help you stay calm.
- "Drop, Cover, and Hold On": This is the golden rule. If you're inside a building, don't run. Get down on the floor, cover your head and neck with your arms, and, if possible, crawl under a sturdy table. Hold onto the table leg to keep it from moving.
- Stay away from windows: Windows are extremely dangerous during an earthquake. Broken glass can cause serious injuries. Stay away from them, as well as exterior walls, mirrors, and any objects that could fall.
- If You're Outside: If you're caught outside an earthquake, find an open space and stay away from utility poles, trees, buildings, and bridges. Falling debris is a leading cause of injury and death .
- If You're Driving: Don't slam on the brakes. Pull carefully to the side of the road, away from bridges, overpasses, and utility poles. Stay inside your vehicle until the earthquake passes.
The Tranquility After the Storm: After the Earthquake
Once the movement has stopped, the danger is not over. It's crucial that you take appropriate precautions to avoid further risks.
- Assess the Situation: Check your family or surroundings for injuries. If anyone needs help, use your first aid skills. If you detect a gas leak (smell of gas) or electrical problems (sparks), evacuate immediately and call emergency services.
- Use Your Phone Wisely: Telephone networks often collapse after an earthquake. Use your phone only for emergency calls. If you need to contact your family, use text messages or messaging apps to free up voice lines.
- Prepare for Aftershocks: Earthquakes are often followed by aftershocks, which can be almost as strong as the main shock. Stay in a safe place and do not return to your damaged home until authorities allow it.
- Follow the instructions of the authorities: Listen to a battery-powered radio for official information. Do not rely on rumors on social media. The National Service for Disaster Prevention and Response (Senapred) and other institutions are your most reliable source of information. If a tsunami warning has been issued, as was the case with the Drake Passage earthquake , evacuate to high-altitude areas immediately.
The Impact of Technology on Seismic Prevention
Technology has radically changed our ability to deal with earthquakes. Early warning systems, like those operating in Mexico and Japan, can provide valuable seconds or even minutes of warning before a quake hits a city.
In Chile, the National Seismological Service (SSN) monitors seismic activity 24/7, and mobile apps like those of the National Emergency Office (ONEMI), now integrated into SENAPRED, send notifications to your cell phone. Additionally, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) is a global source of earthquake data. Link to the USGS . International collaboration is key to understanding and preparing for these events.
Frequently Asked Questions about Earthquakes
- What is the Richter scale? It's a logarithmic scale that measures the magnitude of an earthquake. A one-point increase on the scale means the energy released is 32 times greater.
- Is it true that an earthquake can open a crack in the Earth? No. Earthquakes only cause horizontal movement. The faults you see are the result of that movement, but they don't open up in the way you see in movies.
- Is it safe to use an elevator during an earthquake? No, never. The power could go out, and the elevator could become trapped or fall.
Conclusion: Preparation is Your Best Tool
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If there's one lesson we can learn from recent earthquakes like the Drake Passage earthquake , it's that preparation is your best defense. Whether you live in a high-risk area like Chile or a place where earthquakes are rare, being informed and having a plan can save lives. Don't leave your safety to chance.
What other safety measures do you take to be prepared for an earthquake?
